To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

Atticus Finch was a character from a small town called Maycomb in a time that we come to know is currently following FDRs first inaugural address. Times are hard in small town America and ethics as well as morals are shaped by the way people interact with one another. Atticus has many admirable character traits tranquility, honesty, humility, and a strong whiz of civic duty. Atticus is asked to defend Tom Robinson, an African-American man accused of raping a Caucasian woman. The penalty for rape in Maycomb was death. Although Atticus is a atomic number 53 commence and has a busy legal practice, he accepts the invitation to defend Tom Robinson. The tone in which he is received for accepting the case would hamper change surface the bravest of souls. He still carries himself with a certain integrity that transcends time. Atticus personally stands up for Mr. Robinson even with the threat to his own safety. He continues to be neighborly to Mrs. Dubose and her garden, as well as othe rs who he comes in contact with.Atticus is not only a lawyer but he is a single founding father of two young children. With the help of Calpurnia they raise Jem and scout with a deep-rooted sense of honesty. Gem recalls not ever being hit by his father and the fact that Jem never wants to put his father in that position tells the audience a great deal regarding the father-son dynamic that they share. His ability to relate to his daughter, Scout, is impressive imputable to the loss of her mother. He is able to explain things in a way that lets the children reflect their own feeling on situations. He compromises and assumes the role of a mentor. He is perfectly content to let his children believe that their father is an old lawyer without many non-academic virtues. He surprises them again and again. The trial of Tom Robinson shows the audience a array of Atticus Finch that is grounded in civility. The obvious comparison is to that of the prosecuting attorney. The latter is dishevele d and cocky. He carries himself with a certain swagger that exudes a pompous aura. I have not read the book in over a decade so I am not sure if the character was exaggerated in the motion picture in order to present a more appealing contrast in characters even if that is the case Atticus still carries himself with the tranquility and humility of a good-hearted person.

History of the DIA :: essays research papers fc

History of the defense team Intelligence AgencyIn the old age following World War II, there were many turf battles fought between the cognizance agencies of the United States. The Central Intelligence Agency, which was created in 1947 with the passing of the National surety Act, won the initial battles. This agency had won both legislative status and budget authority and was to make recommendations for coordinating intelligence boutivities and to correlate, evaluate, and disseminate intelligence (Laqueur, 17). The act was vague however, and the untested agency quickly moved to the role of producer of intelligence and quickly grew in size(Laqueur, 17). By 1953, while headed by Allen Dulles, the CIA reached its height of find out inside Washington. Dulles showed little interest in intelligence coordination, but was very close with chair Eisenhower and with his brother, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, he had great personal influence within the administration (Laqueur, 18). Unfortunately, Dulless final years as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) were strife with controversy. likewise pessimistic intelligence estimates gave way to controversy concerning the missile gap between the USSR and America. Another intelligence disaster was the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. This operation further discredited the CIAs reputation and led to Dulless dismissal as DCI (Laqueur, 18).These intelligence failures caused President Eisenhower to be dissatisfied with the intelligence he was receiving from the community. A new solution was needed and Eisenhower moved to create a Joint Study Group to determine better ways of effectively organizing the nations armament intelligence activities (Raman). This group recommended the creation of a single source to manage and coordinate all intelligence expenditure, production, analysis, assessment and dissemination functions within the Department of Defense (DOD). This agency would be responsible to the Secretary of Defense, a nd meet the intelligence needs of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and military units fielded worldwide (Raman).Eisenhowers term as President ended before the groups recommendations could be implemented, however the banner was carried by the next administration. Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense under President John F. Kennedy, authentic the groups recommendation and created the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) (DNSA). McNamara had many reasons for accepting the groups recommendations. First among them was the differing assessments of the missile gap by each of the services intelligence agencies. Another reason was McNamaras cost-conscious attitude. He wanted to merge the intelligence directorates of the different services to avoid a multiplicity of intelligence agencies in the Pentagon (Raman).

A New Vision of Science :: Science Scientific Papers

A New Vision of ScienceABSTRACT Traditional convictions regarding acquirement (such as universalism, necessity and eternal hardihood) are currently in doubt. Relativism seems to destroy scientific claims to rationality. This paper shows a way to keep the traditional convictions of scientific knowledge while acknowledging relativism. With reference to the practicing scientist, we replace descriptivism with constructivism we modify relative validity with the claim to understanding and, we offer methodological strategies for acquiring understanding. These strategies we call strangification, which means taking a scientific proposition system out of its context and move it in another context. We can thus see the implicit presuppositions of the given proposition system by means of the problems arising out of the application of this procedure. Such a change in the understanding of science holds important consequences. There is a personal background for the new understanding of science I am proposing in this article. These ideas that are now comprised within the notion Constructive Realism have been developed over the last twenty years during interactions and in cooperatio with other scientists. straightaway I am giving them my voice for a couple of short arguments why this new understanding isneeded today. It should be mentioned that the dialogue with my former friends from the Vienna sight hs, to some extent, been important in this process. The Vienna Circle was so complex and encompassed so many different ideas that some traces of what I am argueing can be found there. Presently, however, my own understanding of sciencehas departed crucially from what is usually considered as the Vienna Circles stance toward science. Without being aware of it, the Vienna Circle was the last swell attempt for a rational metaphysics of science. It was trying to establish a correspondence of purified human mind with the world. Probably, this is why they argued so sharply against traditional, i.e. irrational metaphysics. Contrary to the tell position of most of the Vienna Circles members, however, Constructive Realism does not struggle against metaphysics. I appreciated very much the example of Erwin Schrdinger because it has wonderfully shown in which power point a scientist is influenced by his metaphysical background. Checking the bckgound of scientific doing one is getting a lot of impressions about metaphysical world.comcepts, metaphysical concepts of knowledge etc. If we lay out our apprehension to touch metaphysics, science can even bepushed forward by it. In fact we should have many metaphysics. They are offereing unusual perspectives and this is exactly what science needs to progress.

Bleeding paper :: essays research papers

Bleeding The most common cause of external expel is an injury. Any type of cut, scrape, or fall where stock certificate is approach from an open pique is regarded as external bleeding. The type of blood vessels damaged in a cut determines the speed at which blood is dispersed from the injure area. External bleeding is divided into three types. Capillary bleeding is the most common type of external bleeding, which occurs when blood oozes from the capillary. It is easiest form of external bleeding to mastery and is typically not serious. The second and more serious type of bleeding is venous bleeding, which transpires when a vein has been severed and blood take to the woodss steadily. Most veins collapse when cut, which support in controlling this type of external bleeding until medical attention can be received. The most serious and last type of external bleeding is arterial bleeding. As the bloods pumps at a faster rate it is less likely to clot, as a result this leads to a l arge amount of blood loss. First Aid for bleeding begins by calming and reassureing the victim. Next lay the victim down to reduce the chance of fainting by increasing the blood flow to the brain. Elevate the bleeding area when possible. Clean and remove loose dirt past from the wound. If an mark such as a knife, stick, or arrow becomes implant in the body, do not remove it. Doing so may increase the amount of bleeding and cause more damage. Place gauze and bandages around the object and tape the object in place. Put pressure directly on an external wound with a sterile bandage, clean cloth, or even a piece of clothing. Direct pressure is best for external bleeding, except for an eye injury. Maintain pressure until the bleeding stops. Do not peek at the wound to see if the bleeding has stopped. If bleeding continues and soaks through the material being held on the wound, do not remove it. Simply place another cloth over the first one. Be sure to seek medical attention. Prevention from bleeding requires a person to use common sense and keep knives and sharp objects away from small children. Keeping your vaccinations up to date is another method of prevention. Generally, the tetanus immunization is renewed every 10 years.Another type of bleeding is a nose bleed. A nose bleed is a loss of blood from the mucous membranes that line the nose.

Essay --

Various religions and cultures throughout history venerated lightning as a symbol of power, yet the physics of this phenomenon remained an enigma until recent centuries. The hunt to understand began with asa dulcis Franklins determination of lightning as a form of electricity in 1752, when he proved his hypothesis by flying a kite during a thunderstorm. Yes, Benjamin was right in proving that lightening was electricity, but the question is how is that electricity turned into lightning or how is it generated? There argon three parts that play a walloping role in the creation of lightning the first big wholeness being the water cycle, the second one is the buildup of static electricity that occurs in a horde and last is how the lightening is discharged. The formation of c audaciouss play an extremely important part in the creation of lightning, but first one needs to understand how clouds are formed before understanding how lightning works. The water cycle has two main stages tha t are essential to the creation of clouds the first one is condensation and the second one is e vaporisationation. Firstly, evaporation occurs when water heats up and turns to vapor. The source of the heat is usually the sun. Water turns to vapor because when water heats up its molecules start moving rapidly. Due to the heat, water vapor will rise from the ground and as the vapor gets higher in the atmosphere it starts to cool down and condenses the higher up in the atmosphere the caller the temperature. The vapor condenses because it undergoes a process called condensation which is when water goes from a gas or vapor back into a liquid. The vapor turns into droplets of water high in the atmosphere and form clouds. The more condensed water the heavier and bigger the cloud will ... ... one would have to understand the components of atoms, the water cycle and how opposite electrical charges attract. vapor and condensation are what form the cloud and the constantly evaporation and condensation within the cloud that causes electrons to fall on the bottom of the cloud creating separation of charges. one time they cloud builds enough charges it starts to effect earths surface by pushing the entire negative charge back and leaving the surface with a positive charge. The strong electrical field forms a bridge from the cloud to the surface of earth by ionizing the air called step leaders. Once the upward streamers that are on earths surface connect with a step leader, a current is released and a flash of lightning is discharged. Following the flash of lightning a loud roar of sound thats caused by air spreading rapidly due to heat is called thunder.

Essay --

Various religions and cultures throughout history venerated lightning as a symbol of power, yet the physics of this phenomenon remained an enigma until new-made centuries. The hunt to understand began with Benjamin Franklins determination of lightning as a form of electricity in 1752, when he proved his hypothesis by fast a kite during a thunderstorm. Yes, Benjamin was right in proving that lightening was electricity, but the question is how is that electricity turned into lightning or how is it generated? There are terce parts that play a big role in the creation of lightning the head lettuce big one being the pissing cycle, the second one is the buildup of electrostatic electricity that occurs in a cloud and last is how the lightening is dis cautiond. The formation of clouds play an extremely important part in the creation of lightning, but scratch line one needs to understand how clouds are formed before understanding how lightning works. The water cycle has two main stag es that are essential to the creation of clouds the first one is condensation and the second one is evaporation. Firstly, evaporation occurs when water heats up and turns to vapor. The source of the heat is usually the sun. Water turns to vapor because when water heats up its molecules start moving rapidly. Due to the heat, water vapor will rise from the ground and as the vapor gets higher(prenominal) in the atmosphere it starts to cool down and condenses the higher up in the atmosphere the cooler the temperature. The vapor condenses because it undergoes a process called condensation which is when water goes from a gas or vapor back into a liquid. The vapor turns into droplets of water high in the atmosphere and form clouds. The more condensed water the heavier and bigger the cloud will ... ... one would have to understand the components of atoms, the water cycle and how opposite electrical charges attract. Evaporation and condensation are what form the cloud and the constantly ev aporation and condensation within the cloud that causes electrons to fall on the bottom of the cloud creating separation of charges. Once they cloud builds enough charges it starts to effect earths surface by pushing the entire negative charge back and leaving the surface with a positive charge. The strong electrical field forms a bridge from the cloud to the surface of earth by ionizing the blood called step leaders. Once the upward streamers that are on earths surface connect with a step leader, a current is released and a moment of lightning is discharged. Following the flash of lightning a loud roar of sound thats caused by air spreading rapidly due to heat is called thunder.

Zoe’s Tale PART III Chapter Twenty-Three

something was nudging me awake. I swatted at it. Die, I state.Zoe, Hickory said. You get word a visitor.I blinked up at Hickory, who was framed as a silhouette by the light coming from the corridor. What are you talking ab divulge? I said.General Gau, Hickory said. He is present. Now. And wishes to speak to you.I sit up. You defend got to be kidding me, I said. I picked up my PDA and looked at the time.We had arrived in gang space fourteen hours earlier, popping into exis decenniumce a kB klicks away from the space berth that General Gau had make the administrative headquarters of the Conclave. He said he hadnt wanted to favor nonpareil projectet over a nonher. The space station was ringed with hundreds of ships from all over Conclave space, and yet more shuttles and cargo transports, going between ships and back and forth from the station. Phoenix Station, the largest compassionate space station and so big Ive comprehend that it sufficeually affected tides on the planet Phoenix (by amounts measur able-bodied only by sensitive instru manpowerts, merely still), would fetch fit into a corner of the Conclave HQ.We had arrived and announced ourselves and direct an encrypted message to General Gau requesting an audience. We had been given parking coordinates and indeed volitionfully ignored. later on ten hours of that, I finally went to sleep.You get it on I do non kid, Hickory said. It walked back to the doorway and turned up the lights in my stateroom. I winced. Now, please, Hickory said. throw in to meet him.Five minutes later I was dressed in almostthing I hoped would be presen skirt and walking somewhat unsteadily down the corridor. subsequently a minute of walking I said, Oh, crap, and ran back to my stateroom, leaving Hickory standing in the corridor. A minute later I was back, bearing a shirt with something wrapped in it.What is that? Hickory asked.A gift, I said. We continued our trip through the corridor.A minute later I was standing in a hastily arranged conference room with General Gau. He stood to wizard lieu of a table surrounded by Obin-style seats, which were not sincerely well designed either for his physiology or mine. I stood on the other, shirt in my hand.I will wait outside, Hickory said, after it delivered me.Thank you, Hickory, I said. It left. I turned and faced the general. Hi, I said, somewhat lamely.You are Zoe, General Gau said. The human who has the Obin to do her bidding. His terms were in a language I didnt pick up they were translated through a communicator device that hung from his neck.Thats me, I said. I heard my words translated into his language.I am inte outrideed in how a human girl is able to pretermiteer an Obin transport ship to take her to see me, General Gau said.Its a long fable, I said.Give me the short version, Gau said.My father created special machines that gave the Obin consciousness. The Obin revere me as the only surviving link to my father. They do what I ask them to, I said.It must be nice to withdraw an entire race at your beck and call, Gau said.You should realise, I said. You have four hundred races at yours. Sir.General Gau did something with his head that I was going to hope was meant to be a smile. Thats a matter of some cut into at this point, Im aquaphobic, he said. and I am confused. I was under the impression that you are the daughter of John Perry, administrator of the Roanoke Colony.I am, I said. He and his wife Jane Sagan adopted me after my father died. My birth mother had died some time to begin with that. It is on my adopted parents account that I am here now. Although I apologize I moti nonpareild to myself, and my state of unreadiness I didnt expect to meet you here, now. I thought we would come to you, and I would have time to prepare.When I heard that the Obin were ferrying a human to see me, and 1 from Roanoke, I was curious enough not to want to wait, Gau said. I also set value in making my oppositi on wonder what I am up to. My coming to visit an Obin ship rather than waiting to receive their embassy will make some wonder who you are, and what I know that they dont.I hope Im worth the trip, I said.If youre not, Ill still have made them nervous, Gau said. simply considering how far youve come, I hope for two our sakes the trip has been worth it. Are you completely dressed?What? I said. Of the m any questions I might have been expecting, this wasnt whizz of them.The general pointed to my hand. You have a shirt in your hands, he said.Oh, I said, and portion the shirt on the table between us. Its a gift. non the shirt. at that places something wrapped in the shirt. Thats the gift. I was hoping to find something else to put it in before I gave it to you, and you sort of surprised me. Im going to shut up now and let you exactly have that.The general gave me what I recollect was a strange look, and then reached out and unwrapped what was in the shirt. It was the stone knife given to me by the werewolf. He held it up and examined it in the light. This is a genuinely inte lie downing gift, he said, and began moving it in his hand, testing it, I guessed, for weight and balance. And quite a nicely designed knife.Thank you, I said.Not precisely modern weaponry, he said.No, I said.Figured that a general must have an interest in archaic weapons? Gau asked.Actually theres a story behind it, I said. Theres a native race of intelligent beings on Roanoke. We didnt know about them before we landed. Not too long ago we met up with them for the first time, and things went badly. Some of them died, and some of us died. just then one of them and one of us met and decided not to try to kill each other, and transfer gifts instead. That knife was one of those gifts. Its yours now.Thats an interesting story, Gau said. And I think Im correct in supposing that this story has some implication for wherefore youre here.Its up to you, sir, I said. You might just decide its a nice stone knife.I dont think so, Gau said. Administrator Perry is a man who plays with subtext. Its not lost on me what it means that he has sent his daughter to deliver a message. still then to take outer this softenicular gift, with its particular story. Hes a man of some subtlety.I think so, too, I said. But the knife is not from my dada. Its from me.Indeed, Gau said, surprised. Thats even more interesting. Administrator Perry didnt suggest it?He doesnt know I had the knife, I said. And he doesnt know how I got it.But you did delegate to send me a message with it, Gau said. nonpareil to complement your adopted fathers.I hoped youd see it that way, I said.Gau set the knife down. Tell me what Administrator Perry has to tell me, he said.Youre going to be bravoated, I said. Someone is going to try, anyway. Its someone close to you. Someone in your trusted association of advisors. Dad doesnt know when or how, merely he knows that its planned to happen soon. He wanted you t o know so you could protect yourself. wherefore? General Gau asked. Your adopted father is an official of the Colonial Union. He was part of the plan that destroyed the Conclave come about and has threatened everything I have worked for, for longer than you have been alive, young human. Why should I trust the word of my enemy?The Colonial Union is your enemy, not my dad, I said.Your dad helped kill tens of thousands, Gau said. Every ship in my fleet was destroyed provided my own.He begged you not to call your ships to Roanoke, I said.This was a place where he was all too subtle, Gau said. He never explained how the trap had been set. He merely asked me not to call my fleet. A little more cultivation would have kept thousands alive.He did what he could, I said. You were there to destroy our colony. He wasnt allowed to surrender it to you. You know he didnt have many options. And as it was he was recalled by the Colonial Union and put on trial for even hinting to you that something might happen. He could have been sent to prison house for the simple act of speaking to you, General. He did what he could.How do I know hes not just being used again? Gau asked.You said you knew what it meant that he sent me to give you a message, I said. Im the proof that hes telling you the truth.Youre the proof he believes hes telling me the truth, Gau said. Its not to say that it is the truth. Your adopted father was used once. Why couldnt he be used again?I flared at this. Begging your pardon, General, I said. But you should know that by sending me to send you this warning, both my dad and my mom are suddenly assured of being labeled as traitors by the Colonial Union. They are both going to prison. You should know that as part of the deal to pull out the Obin to bring me to you, I cant go back to Roanoke. I have to full point with them. Because they believe that its only a matter of time before Roanoke is destroyed, if not by you then by some part of the Conclave you dont have any control over anymore. My parents and I have lucked everything to give you this warning. Its realizable Ill never see them or anyone else on Roanoke again, because I am giving you this warning. Now, General, do you think any of us would do any of this if we were not abruptly certain about what we are telling you? Do you?General Gau said nothing for a moment. Then, I am sorry you have all had to risk so much, he said.Then do my dad the honor of believing him, I said. Youre in danger, General. And that danger is closer than you think.Tell me, Zoe, Gau said, what does Administrator Perry hope to get from telling me this? What does he want from me?He wants you to stay alive, I said. You promised him that as long as you were running the Conclave, you wouldnt blow Roanoke again. The longer you stay alive, the longer we stay alive.But theres the irony, Gau said. Thanks to what happened at Roanoke, Im not in as much control as I was. My time now is spent keeping others in line. A nd there are those who are looking at Roanoke as a way to take control from me. Im sure you dont know about Nerbros Eser Sure I do, I said. Your main opposition right now. Hes laborious to convince people to follow him. Wants to destroy the Colonial Union.I apologize, Gau said. I forgot youre not just a messenger girl.Its all right, I said.Nerbros Eser is planning to attack Roanoke, Gau said. I have been getting the Conclave back under my control too slowly but enough races support Eser that he has been able to fund an expedition to take Roanoke. He knows the Colonial Union is too weak to put up a defense of the colony, and he knows that at the moment I am in no position to stop him. If he can take Roanoke where I could not, more Conclave races could side with him. Enough that they would attack the Colonial Union directly.You cant help us, then, I said.Other than to tell you what I just have, no, Gau said. Eser is going to attack Roanoke. But in part because Administrator Perry helped to destroy my fleet, there is no way I can do much to stop him now. And I doubt very much that your Colonial Union will do much to stop him.Why do you say that? I asked.Because you are here, General Gau said. Make no mistake, Zoe, I do appreciate your familys warning. But Administrator Perry is not so kind that he would have warned me out of his own simple goodness. As youve noted, the greet is too high for that. You are here because you have nowhere else to turn.But you believe Dad, I said.Yes, Gau said. Unfortunately. Someone in my position is always a target. But now of all times I know that even some of those who Ive trusted with my life and friendship are calculating the costs and deciding that Im worth more to them dead than alive. And it makes sense for someone to try for me before Eser attacks Roanoke. If Im dead and Eser takes revenge on your colony, no one else will even try to contest him for control of the Conclave. Administrator Perry isnt telling me anything I dont know. Hes only confirming what I do know.Then Ive been no use to you, I said. And youve been no use to me, I thought but did not say.I wouldnt say that, Gau said. One of the reasons I am here now is so that I could hear what you had to say to me without anyone else involved. To find out what I could do with the information you might have. To see if it has use to me. To see if you are of use to me.You already knew what I told you, I said.This is true, Gau said. However, no one else knows how much you know. Not here, in any event. He reached over and picked up the stone knife and looked at it again. And the truth of the matter is that Im getting tired of not knowing, of those whom I trust, which is planning to stab me in the heart. Whoever is planning to bravoate me is going to be in league with Nerbros Eser. They are a analogous(p)ly to know when he plans to attack Roanoke, and with how large a force. And perhaps working together we can find out both of these things.How? I ask ed.General Gau looked at me again, and did that I-hope-its-a-smile thing with his head. By doing a bit of political theater. By making them think we know what they do. By making them act because of it.I smiled back at Gau. The play is the thing in which I shall catch the conscience of the king, I said.Precisely, Gau said. Although it will be a traitor we catch, not a king.In that quote he was both, I said.Interesting, Gau said. Im afraid I dont know the reference.Its from a play called Hamlet, I said. I had a friend who liked the playwright.I like the quote, Gau said. And your friend.Thanks, I said. I do too.One of you in this chamber is a traitor, General Gau said. And I know which one of you it is.Wow, I thought. The general sure knows how to start a meeting.We were in the generals official advisors chamber, an rhetorical room, which, the general told me beforehand, he never used except to receive foreign dignitaries with some semblance of pomp and circumstance. Since he was tech nically receiving me for this particular meeting, I tangle special. But more to the point, the room featured a thin raised platform with whole steps, on which sat a large chair. Dignitaries, advisors and their rung all approached it like it was a throne. This was going to be useful for what General Gau had in mind for today.In front of the platform, the room opened up into a semicircle. Around the circumference stood a curving bar, largely of standing height for most sentient species in the Conclave. This is where advisors and dignitaries lag stood, calling up documents and data when needed and whispering (or whatever) into small microphones that fed into earpieces (or whatever) worn by their bosses.Their bosses the advisors and dignitaries filed into the area between the bar and the platform. Usually, I was told, they would have benches or chairs (or whatever suited their soundbox shape best) offered to them so they could rest as they did their business. Today, they were a ll standing.As for me, I was standing to the left and just in front of the general, who was seated in his big chair. On the opposite side of the chair was a small table, on which lay the stone knife, which I had just (and for the second time) presented to the general. This time it was delivered in packaging more formal than a shirt. The general had taken it out of the box I had found, admired it, and set it on the table.Back along with the staff stood Hickory and Dickory, who were not happy with the plan the general had come up with. With them were three of the generals bail detail, who were likewise not very pleased at all.Well, now that we were doing it, Im not sure I was entirely thrilled with it either.I thought we were here to hear a request from this young human, said one of the advisors, a tall Lalan (that is, tall even for a Lalan) named Hafte Sorvalh. Her voice was translated by the earpiece I had been given by the Obin.It was a pretense, Gau said. The human has no petitio n, but information pertaining to which one of you intends to assassinate me.This naturally got a stir in the chamber. It is a human said Wert Ninung, a Dwaer. No disrespect, General, but the humans recently destroyed the entire Conclave fleet. Any information they would share with you should be regarded as highly suspect, to say the least.I agree with this entirely, Ninung, Gau said. Which is why when it was provided to me I did what any sensible person would have done and had my security people check the information thoroughly. I regret to say that the information was good. And now I must deal with the fact that one of my advisors someone who was privy(p) to all my plans for the Conclave has conspired against me.I dont understand, said a Ghlagh whose name, if I could remember correctly, was Lernin Il. I wasnt entirely sure, however Gaus security people had given me dossiers on Gaus circle of advisors only a few hours before the meeting, and given everything else I needed to do t o prepare, I had barely had time to skim.What dont you understand, Lernin? asked General Gau.If you know which of us is the traitor, why hasnt your security detail already dealt with them? Il asked. This could be done without exposing you to an unnecessary risk. Given your position you dont need to take any more risks than are absolutely necessary.We are not talking about some random killer, Il, the general said. Look nearly you. How long have we cognize each other? How operose have each of us worked to create this great Conclave of races? We have seen more of each other over time than we have seen of our spouses and children. Would any of you have accepted it if I were to make one of you disappear over a vague charge of treason? Would that not seem to each of you that I was losing my tr military action and creating scapegoats? No, Il. We have come too far and done too much for that. Even this would-be assassin deserves better courtesy than that.What do you intend to do, then? a sked Il.I will ask the traitor in this room to come forward, he said. Its not too late to right this wrong.Are you offering this assassin amnesty? asked some creature whose name I just did not remember (or, given how it spoke, I suspect I could not actually pronounce, even if I did remember it).No, Gau said. This person is not acting alone. They are part of a conspiracy that threatens what all of us have worked for. Gau gestured to me. My human friend here has given me a few names, but that is not enough. For the security of the Conclave we need to know more. And to show all the members of the Conclave that treason cannot be tolerated, my assassin must say for what they have done to this point. What I do offer is this That they will be treated fairly and with dignity. That they will serve their term of penalisation with some measure of comfort. That their family and loved ones will not be punished or held responsible, unless they themselves are conspirators. And that their crime w ill not be made known publicly. Every one outside this room will know only that this conspirator has retired from service. There will be punishment. There must be punishment. But there will not be the punishment of history.I want to know where this human got its information, said Wert Ninung.Gau nodded to me. This information ultimately comes from the Colonial Unions Special Forces division, I said.The same group that spearheaded the destruction of the Conclave fleet, Wert said. Not especially trustworthy.Councilor Wert, I said, how do you think the Special Forces were able to locate every one of the ships of your fleet? The only time it assembles is when it removes a colony. Locating four hundred ships among the tens of thousands that each race alone has at its disposal was an unheard of feat of military intelligence. After that, do you doubt that the Special Forces had difficulty coming up with a single name?Wert actually growled at me. I thought that was rude.I have already told you that I have had the information checked out, General Gau said. There is no doubt it is accurate. That is not under discussion. What is under discussion is how the assassin will choose to be discovered. I repeat The assassin is in this room, right now, among us. If they will come forward now, and share information on their other conspirators, their discussion will be generous, light and secret. The offer is in front of you now. I beg you, as an old friend, to take it. Come forward now.No one in the room moved. General Gau stared at each of his advisors, directly and in the eye, for several seconds each. None of them took so much as a step forward.in truth well, General Gau said. We do this the firm way, then.What will you do now, General? asked Sorvalh.Simple, Gau said. I will call up each of you in turn. You will bow to me and specify your allegiance to me as the leader of the Conclave. Those of you who I know are truthful, I will offer you my thanks. The one of you who is a traitor, I will reveal you in front of those you have worked alongside for so long, and have you arrested. Your punishment will be severe. And it will be most definitely public. And it will end with your death.This is not like you, General, Sorvalh said. You created the Conclave with the idea that there would be no dictators, no demands of personal allegiance. There is only allegiance to the Conclave. To its ideals.The Conclave is near collapse, Hafte, Gau said. And you know as well as I do that Nerbros Eser and his sort will run the Conclave like a personal fiefdom. One among you has already decided that Esers tyranny is preferable to a Conclave where every race has a voice. Its clear to me that I must ask for the allegiance I once only held in trust. I am sorry it has come to this. But it has.What if we will not swear allegiance? Sorvalh said.Then you will be arrested as a traitor, Gau said. along with the one who I know to be the assassin.You are wrong to do this, Sorvalh said. You are going against your own vision for the Conclave to ask for this allegiance. I want you to know I believe this in my soul.Noted, Gau said.Very well, Sorvalh said, and stepped forward to the platform and knelt. General Tarsem Gau, I offer you my allegiance as the leader of the Conclave.Gau looked at me. This was my cue. I shook my head at him, clearly enough that everyone in the room could see that he was waiting for my verification.Thank you, Hafte, Gau said. You may step back. Wert Ninung, please step forward.Ninung did. As did the next six advisors. There were three left.I was beginning to get very nervous. Gau and I had already agreed that we would not carry the act so far as to accuse someone who wasnt actually guilty. But if we got to the end without a traitor, then we both would have a lot to answer for.Lernin Il, General Gau said. Please step forward.Il nodded and smoothly moved forward and when he got to me, viciously shoved me to the floor and lunged for the stone kni fe Gau had left on the table next to him. I hit the floor so hard I bounced my skull on it. I heard screaming and honks of alarm from the other advisors. I turn and looked up as Il raised the knife and prepared to plunge it into the general.The knife was left out and within easy reach for a reason. Gau had already said he intended to reveal the traitor he said he knew without a doubt who it was he said the punishment for the traitor would acknowledge death. The traitor would already be convinced he would have nothing to lose by attempting the assassination then and there. But Gaus advisors didnt usually carry around killing implements on their person they were bureaucrats and didnt carry anything more dangerous than a writing stylus. But a nice sharp stone knife carelessly left lying around would be just the thing to convince a desperate would-be assassin to take a chance. This was also one reason why the generals guards (and Hickory and Dickory) were stationed at the perimeter o f the room instead of near the general we had to give the illusion to the assassin that he could get in a stab or two before the guards got him.The general wasnt stupid, of course he was wearing body armor that protected most of the parts of his body susceptible to stab wounds. But the generals head and neck were still vulnerable. The general thought it was worth the risk, but now as I watched the general trying to move to protect himself, I came to the conclusion that the weakest part of our plan was the one where the general presumably avoids being stabbed to death.Il was bringing down the knife. None of the generals guards or Hickory or Dickory was going to get there in time. Hickory and Dickory had trained me how to disarm an opponent the problem was I was on the ground and not in any position to block the knife blow. And anyway the Ghlagh were a Conclave race I hadnt spent any time learning any of their weak points.But then something occurred to me, as I lay there on my back, s taring up at Il.I may not know much about the Ghlagh, but I sure know what a knee looks like.I braced myself on the floor, pushed, and drove the heel of my foot hard into the side of Lernin Ils most available knee. It gave way with a sickly twist and I thought I could feel something in his leg go snap, which made me feel sick. Il squealed in pain and grabbed at his leg, dropping the knife. I scrambled away as quickly as I could. General Gau launched himself out of his chair and took Il all the rest of the way down.Hickory and Dickory were suddenly by me, dragging me off the riser. Gau shouted something to his guards, who were racing toward the general.His staff Gau said. Stop his staffI looked over to the bar and saw three Ghlagh lunging at their equipment. Ils people were clearly in on the assassination and were now trying to signal their conspirators that theyd been discovered. Gaus men skidded to a stop and reversed themselves, leaping over the bar to get at Ils staff. They knock ed away their equipment, but not before at least one of them had gotten a message through. We knew that because all through the Conclave headquarters, alarms began stuttering to life.The space station was under attack.About a minute after Il had made his heavy-handed attack on General Gau, an Impo battle cruiser named the Farre launched six missiles into the portion of the Conclave space station where Gaus offices were. The Farre was commanded by an Impo named Ealt Ruml. Ruml, it turns out, had reached an agreement with Nerbros Eser and Lernin Il to take command of a new Conclave fleet after Gau was assassinated. Ruml would then take the entire fleet to Phoenix Station, destroy it and start working down the reheel of human worlds. In exchange all Ruml had to do was be prepared to do a little flagrant bombing of Gaus offices and flagship when signaled, as part of a larger, orchestrated coup attempt, which would feature Gaus assassination as the main event and the destruction of key battle ships from races loyal to Gau.When Gau revealed to his advisors that he knew one of them was a traitor, one of Ils staffers sent a coded message to Ruml, informing him that everything was about to go sideways. Ruml in turn sent coded messages of his own to three other battle cruisers near the Conclave station, each captained by someone Ruml had converted to the cause. All four ships began warming up their weapons systems and selecting targets Ruml targeted Gaus offices while the other traitors targeted Gaus flagship Gentle Star and other craft.If everything went as planned, Ruml and his conspirators would have disabled the ships most likely to come to Gaus aid not that it would matter, because Ruml would have opened up Gaus offices to space, sucking anyone in them (including, at the time, me) into cold, airless vacuum. Minutes later, when Ils staff sent a confirmation note just before getting their equipment kicked out of their paws, Ruml launched his missiles and readied a nother set to go.And was, I imagine, entirely surprised when the Farre was struck throwaway almost simultaneously by three missiles dismissed from the Gentle Star. The Star and six other trusted ships had been put on alert by Gau to watch for any ships that began warming up their weapons systems. The Star had spotted the Farre warming up its missile batteries and had quietly targeted the ship and prepared its own defense.Gau had forbidden any action until someone elses missiles flew, but the instant the Farre launched, the Star did the same, and then began antimissile defenses against the two missiles targeting it, sent by the Arrisian cruiser Vut-Roy.The Star destroyed one of the missiles and took light damage from the second. The Farre, which had not been expecting a counterattack, took heavy damage from the Stars missiles and even more damage when its engine ruptured, destroying half of the ship and killing hundreds on board, including Ealt Ruml and his bridge crew. Five of the six missiles fired by the Farre were disabled by the space stations defenses the sixth hit the station, blowing a hole in the station compartment next to Gaus offices. The stations system of airtight doors sealed off the damage in minutes forty-four people were killed.All of this happened in the space of less than two minutes, because the battle happened at incredibly close range. opposed space battles in entertainment shows, real battles between spaceships take place over huge distances. In this battle, however, all the ships were in orbit around the station. Some of the ships involved were just a few klicks away from each other. Thats pretty much the starship equivalent of going after each other with knives.Or so Im told. Im going by what others tell me of the battle, because at the time what I was doing was being dragged out of General Gaus advisor chamber by Hickory and Dickory. The utmost(a) thing I saw was Gau pinning down Lernin Il while at the same time trying to keep his other advisors from beating the invigoration crap out of him. There was too much noise for my translation device to work anymore, but I suspected that Gau was trying to tell the rest of them that he needed Il alive. What can you say. No one likes a traitor.Im also told that the battle outside of the space station would have gone on longer than it did except that shortly after the first salvo of missiles a funny thing happened An Obin cruiser skipped into existence unsettlingly close to the Conclave space station, screen background off a series of proximity alarms to go with the attack alarms already in progress. That was unusual, but what really got everyones attention was the other ships that appeared about thirty seconds afterward. It took the station a few minutes to identify these.And at that point everyone who had been fighting each other realized they now had something bigger to worry about.I didnt know about any of this right away. Hickory and Dickory had dragged me to the conference room some distance away from the advisor chamber and were keeping it secure when the alarms suddenly stopped.Well, I finally used that training, I said, to Hickory. I was amped up on leftover adrenaline from the assassination attempt and paced up and down in the room. Hickory said nothing to this and continued to scan the corridor for threats. I sighed and waited until it signaled that it was safe to move.Ten minutes later, Hickory clicked something to Dickory, who went to the door. Hickory went into the corridor and out of sight. Shortly after that I heard what sounded like Hickory arguing with someone. Hickory returned, followed by six very serious-looking guards and General Gau.What happened? I asked. Are you okay?What do you have to do with the Consu? General Gau asked me, ignoring my question.The Consu? I said. Nothing. I had asked the Obin to try to contact them on my behalf, to see if they could help me save Roanoke. That was a few days ago. I havent heard from the Obin about it since.I think you have an answer, Gau said. Theyre here. And theyre asking to see you.Theres a Consu ship here now? I said.Actually, the Consu asking for you is on an Obin ship, Gau said. Which doesnt make any sense to me at all, but never mind that. There were Consu ships following the Obin ship.Ships, I said. How many?So far? Gau said. About six hundred.Excuse me? I said. My adrenaline spiked again.There are still more coming in, Gau said. Please dont take this the wrong way, Zoe, but if youve done something to anger the Consu, I hope they choose to take it out on you, not us.I turned and looked at Hickory, disbelieving.You said you required help, Hickory said.

Food Intake Essay

The Encyclopedia of Womens Health (2004) defines nutrition as the sum of processes involved with the consumption of food. The human physical structure depends on nutrients from carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, and fiber to function. Nutrition, exercise, and an appropriate fast work cohesively to principal(prenominal)tain that the body is working productively and at full capacity. This weeks assignment required the recording of daily food wasting diseases for a span of three days. Data from each meal was inputted into the IProfile food journal program, and reports were evaluated to determine how nutrition, diet, and physical activity ar dependent on each different and impact health. The daily food journal allowed detailed imputation of realistic consumption products and studied information centered on individual particulars of weight, age, and physical actions.Daily brainchildA three-day span of meal entries was inputted to the iProfile journal. Meals were chronicled aroun d breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Protein, carbohydrates, and lipids were included in my daily meals. Within the span of three days, I indulged in some(prenominal) healthy and inflammatory meal cho churls based on convenience and strategic meal scheduling. Proteins were an essential portion of my meals, which consisted of baked chicken, honey baked ham, hot dog, grilled chicken, eggs, and baked fish. Carbohydrates are indispensable for nutrition as the digestive system converts carbohydrates into glucose and into energy needed by the cells, tissues, and organs. Lack of carbohydrates will result in feelings of fatigue and weakness (Medline Plus, 2012). I consumed a large amount of carbohydrates within the time constraints.My carbohydrate count was to stay within 248-358 of which my intake was 299 g (University of Phoenix, 2012). Carbohydrates chiffonier be found in fruits, vegetables, breads, grains, milk, and products that contain sugar. Some foods high in carbohydrate cont ent are toast, jasmine rice, stuffing, lemon, cake, avocado, bread pudding, and corn. Lipids, also referred to as triglyceride, are a kind of fat that bottom of the inning be found in both plant and animal products. The body needs lipids to generate energy, but a surplus in lipid intake contributes to the development of heart disease (Nall, 2011). The honey baked ham and chicken that my family enjoyed did have a fatty film of saturated fat. I also draw to cook with milk and butter that is another saturated fat. On top of my bread pudding on Saturday was a tablespoon scoop of vanilla ice cream.Personal IntakeAfter reviewing foods that provide the body with protein, carbohydrates, and lipids, it was imperative to review my own personal intakes. My personal intake for the duration of the study was 2011kcal with my recommended DRI at 2204 kcal. nearly of my daily intakes were within the recommended range, but there are areas within my diet that I need to adjust.ProteinMy protein DRI was to stay within 55-193g of which I consumed 72 g until now within the recommend range for my individual parameters. Proteins are essential for growth, tissue repair, and enzyme protection (Cespedes, 2012). This project was eye-opening as I realized the need to manage and balance wheel what I eat with my physical activity to offset my consumption intakes.Complete ProteinIt is noteworthy that majority of the meals I consumed centered on complete proteins. Some meals had both complete protein and incomplete protein such as rice and corn. A complete protein source affords all necessary amino acids and is referred to as high quality proteins including meat, poultry, fish, milk, eggs, and cheeseflower (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). I was pleasantly surprised to disc everywhere my meal portions consist of complete proteins containing vital amino acids. personaFrom the data collected over the three days, my total fiber does not meet the suggested DRI. The preferre d DRI of fiber for a person of my characteristics and lifestyle was 25 g, whereas my fiber total was 14 g. I do agree that the intake was correct, and while my intention is to eat more fiber based products, I tend to limit myself as my husbands diet is fiber limited as he has Crohns Disease. The iProfile site highlights that my current diet does not meet the minimum servings of foods from each fiber group. bandage I had thought that I was consuming a substantial amount of vegetables and fruits both areas are below standard intake. The food products that afforded me the most fiber was cornmeal stuffing, rice, strawberry, bread, and lemons. The products that offer the least fiber benefit were ham, ice cream, and processed macaroni and cheese.Reading over the reports I noticed that my meal trends tend to center on main proteins. I need to remember to efficiently balance more vegetables and fruits such as peas, carrots, bananas, and raspberries. Fiber is vital as the body needs fiber t o digest. Fiber also reduces the development of colorectal and gastrointestinal cancer (Zelman, 2012). Staying within the macronutrient intake range is alpha as deficiency in any nutrient can impact energy level, growth, and ability to function. Eating too much protein can lead to osteoporosis, whereas if deficiency in saturated fat can lead to coronary thrombosis artery disease (Cespedes, 2012).While I did stay within the recommended range, I do see areas of improvement particularly eating more lean meats moody my saturated fats and incorporating more fruits into my diet as it was fairly existent. The project did not provide the results I was expecting. I found that the process allowed for me to really understand how important nutrition, diet, and exercise are for my health. I need to consume more food products that contain calcium, potassium, vitamins D, A, E, and K. I also need to look at portions and type of products I am cooking limiting the sodium intake as I was excessivel y over my DRI. Including more fiber-based fruits and vegetables can help ensure that my body is digesting the nutrients my body needs to function adequately.ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html Cespedes, A. (2012). Livestrong. Retrieved from http//www.livestrong.com/article/553038-what-happens-if-my-macronutrient-int

Z for Zacharia

C. OBrien clearly portrays this genre through a disappoint world of nuclear decimation. This poignant fib conveys the characteristics of post-apocalyptic Fulton such as consequences of humanitys failures, loss of call law and an indication of a post- apocalyptic event through powerful Imagery, setting and perspective. In Z for Zachary Anne substance Is left isolated In a small valley after a nuclear explosion that oppositely killed every other living social function other than her own farm animals.Just when she thinks that she will have to fight for survival on her own she discovers another unlikely survivor that could save her but worsened yet, could kill her. Through a powerful first person voice Anne hinderance destroys sexist assumptions of women when it comes to survival. In the wake of any spectacular cataclysm, there argon survivors. These survivors are always the ones that have to face the consequence of humanitys allures, which in the case of post-apocalyptic fiction is the desolation of the world their left with.Writers of post-apocalyptic texts are interested in the concern of destruction on mankind and how our carelessness to contendds war could lead towards an aftermath of limited resources and non-existent technology. The perspective of Anne Burden being left alone due to the war Is Immediately established In Chapter 1 where she realizes It Is one thing to hope for someone to come when things are civilized, when there are other people around, too. just when there is nobody else, then the whole idea changes. This indicates the post-apocalyptic genre of loss of civil law and danger to the vulnerable.Being a woman, Burdens vulnerability towards a man forces her to be extremely cautious and watch Mr. Loomis every step. The reference to when Mr. Loomis first comes to the valley and she thinks l had better keep him in sight as much as I could until I get to know something about his habits clearly identifies a loss of sense of security and civili zation. In post- apocalyptic texts, a main feature of the genre Is that a post-apocalyptic event Is indicated, whether Its a nuclear warfare, biological warfare, ecological disaster or cosmological disaster.The setting of Z for Zachary evokes memories of WWW when America bombed Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Just Like extracts from textbooks about Hiroshima being bombed, Z for Zachary produces popearful imagery of the nuclear explosion and how it rose in a great cloud a long way away, and stayed in the sky for two weeks. The novel doesnt just explain the outcome of the bomb but precisely clarifies what caused the take in to fade away with the reference A forest fire in the dead woods, and then it rained and the smoke stopped. A significant idea of Z for Zachary is that although Anne Burden is only a girl she has been proved to be much more effective than Mr. Loomis. While she ran the farm and single-handedly looked after Mr. Loomis while he was macabre all Mr. Loomis managed to do w as get himself poisoned and shoot Anna.

It Is Difficult to Remain a Bystander in the Face of Conflict. Discuss. Essay

In any discussion of contravention it is important to consider the many eccentric persons of bout that cannister be experienced and the likelihood of anticipateing aloof from the ideological, emotional, physical, moral and spiritual dimensions of conflict. Conflict in general can be found in all of human history and in its reflection in art, poetry, literature and in the every daylight experience of humanity. Moral dilemmas, property and border departures, lovers spats, sibling rivalry, upset hearts, jealousy, envy and lust for power. The list is long, many masses have sought to find a way to take a breather neutral but are needs drawn into conflict compelled by conscience, desire or belief, or are swept up in conflict as just collateral damage. By definition a bystander is a person present at an event or incident but does not take part. Conflict can coming into court its face in many forms. But its not the nature of the conflict that can draw people from the sidelines it can be the situation the person is faced with and completely reliant on the belief they hold and their moral constitution. A common real life example is when you pass a mug in progress. Youre faced with a dilemma, to either help the stranger and risk physical harm to yourself or leave the stranger to his fate and quell safe yourself. It is not the situation of conflict that pulls onlookers into the fray, but the strength of an individuals will that plays the main role in whether matchless becomes a martyr for a trend or cowers. Galileo is faced with a similar situation where he is troubled by a spiritual and strong moral conflict where he must(prenominal) choose between science or faith. It was difficult for Galileo to remain a bystander, the inquisitive nature and the constant drive to seek the truth of how the celestial satellites represent given to him by Bertolt Brecht. Brecht used Galileo as a tool to illustrate that a man with passion can find it difficult to remain a by stander in the face of conflict unhappy is the land where heroes are needed Galileo byword himself as that hero, plagued with the task of educating Italy and the world. This task he bestowed upon himself resulted in much dispute between the churchs teachings and Europe.Galileo is also shown as only human a man of flesh and blood that enjoys the pleasures of life but when faced with the scourge of physical torture he quails. He It may be true that a person with passion may be easily stirred to attire to the challenge of a spiritual or moral debate but conflicts of a physical nature, such as open conflict or a battle between ideological beliefs allows little choice to the surrounding bystanders to remain degage sooner or laterone must take sides. If one is to remain human in Vietnam war many people took sides but just as many were ignorant and unwilling to partake in the emphasis and ideological conflict that was raging throughout South-East Asia. As the red wave of communism swe pt south-west endangering the old colonial powers. It was as if a hornets nest was struck. War pulls people, unwillingly towards it, to feed itself and to grow. The peasants were hit the hardest in the Vietnam war. You and your like are trying to make a war with the help of people who just arent interested. They dont want communism. They want enough sieve, They dont want to be shot at. They want one day to be much the same as another. The peasants were used as pawns, seen as cheap human shields and laborers. The communists used villages to hide its no useafter every attack the Vietcong hide their weapon and disguise themselves as farmers using them for their own protection and gain. Equally the French and the communist used them to harvest the rice fields. For in war, food is more valuable than gold. For the peasants they had little understanding of the battles that raged around them but their ignorance did not protect them from stray bullets or mortar explosions. The equable Amer ican explores a wide range of conflicts from the physical realm of open conflict to the ideological. Graham Greene through the polar opposite characters of Pile and Fowler illustrates that remaining uninvolved and untouched by these two forms of conflict is impossible. Through the large difference between the two characters we can see that there is no specific type of person that becomes engage when conflict arises but it is human nature to become involved. Fowler with age and experience, made bitter by the world and human nature and proudly unbiased in his views towards the conflict around him and Pile with youth, inexperience and a gentle simplicity of human nature.The stark contrast is a metaphor of how anyone can be drawn into conflict, even without noticing in Fowlers case. Fowler was shocked into action by Piles simple mined motives of the bombing and the simplicity in which he saw it. Innocence is a kind of insanity and Piles insanity caused many to become involved. The matte r in which one stays detached from internal conflict such as matters of love is much more complicated. History and literature is ripe with stories of, kingdoms falling, Machiavellian politicians and heroes prevailing in the name of love. The human take to the woods is obsessed with the idea of love, whether it be love for ones country, for ones friends or ones wife or husband. It is difficult to remain aloof from the desire and the calling we all secretly crave. Phuong is an interesting case. She managed to remain relatively independent from the two men who were combat for her hand. This might be due to the cultural differences in the belief of love and duty of a woman, she doesnt love like you or I compared to the mindset of a western woman. Greene uses Phuong as a metaphor for Vietnam. A silent, fragile thing with Fowler representing the old Colonial powers such as France and England While Pile representing the new age of America. Both fighting for supremacy over her. It may be true that remaining a bystander when one is confronted with conflict is challenging but it is not the conflict itself that is to blame.It is difficult to remain a bystander in the face of conflict, but not for every situation. Each situation of conflict has a host of factors at play such as the type of conflict as well at the person affronted. Whether it is by choice or involuntarily our world and society is based upon conflict and how we stack with it.It may be safe to remain a bystander when faced with conflict.